[Korean study Series 43]
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Shamanism, an archaic belief system, has more or less disappeared in today¡¯s world, but still exists in newly industrialized South Korea that has emerged as one of the world¡¯s greatest trading nations. This book helps unravel the mystery of Korean shamanism and reasons for its persistence in South Korea.
When faced with inexplicable disasters, beyond modern science and technology, sponsoring gut is a positive move by the sufferer to alleviate the pain and despair. Their belief that the spirits will reciprocate with blessings in return for their gifts gives them confidence and hope, which helps them get over difficult times. The modern Korean people, therefore, will continue to sponsor gut not only for ¡®the joy of public giving,¡¯ but also for the solace that their faith in the spirits¡¯ obligation to reciprocate brings them.
Korean shamanistic ritual (gut) reflects the centuries of Korean culture, society and its ethos, and is based on the principle underpinning all social interactions in Korean society, i.e. reciprocity. Therefore anyone interested in Korea will find this book fascinating and helpful.
Plates
Preface
Notes on the Stylistic Conventions
The Two Systems of Romanization of Korean
¥°. Introduction
1. What is shamanism?
2. Who are shamans?
3. What is musok?
4. Is Korean musok shamansim?
5. Embarking on shamanistic research and developing methodology
1) Why did I choose to study shamanism?
2) Developing research methodology
¥±. The Field Work
1. 1993
2. 2005
¥². Gut, the Korean Shamanistic Ritual
1. The ideology of gut
2. The components of gut
1) The colour symbolism
2) The shamanistic ritual food
3) The shamanistic ritual music
4) Dance and drama
5) Costumes and other paraphernalia
3. Is gut to Confucian ritual as nature is to culture?
¥³. The Variety and Economics of Gut
1. The variety of gut
2. The economics of gut
1) Small-scale private jaesu gut or byeong gut
2) Medium-scale gut
3) Large-scale jaesu/jinogi gut or gut performed by a first-class mudang
4) Community gut, grand jinjeok gut or grand-scale jinogi saenam
3. The role of money in gut
¥´. The Spirits
1. Gods
1) Heavenly gods
2) Earthly gods
3) Human gods
2. ¡®Ancestors¡¯
3. Ghosts
¥µ. Mudang, the Korean Shamans
1. Who are mudang?
2. Why do they become mudang?
1) Excessive gi
2) Intelligence
3) Need for love
4) Heredity
5) A salvation from the grim realities of life
3. Possession sickness and psychopathology
1) Mr. Bang Changhwan (b. 1943)
2) Mr. Jo Yongjin (professional name: Jaryong) (b. 1946)
3) Bang Chunja (b. 1939)
4) Ms. Jeong Wonhae (b. 1932)
5) Ms. Won Gannan (b. 1950)
6) Ms. An Yeongbun (b. 1958)
4. Initiation of mudang
5. People with a shamanic predisposition
6. Mudang¡¯s interactions with close kin
1) Case history 1
2) Case history 2
7. Mudang¡¯s social interactions with non-kin
¥¶. The Sponsors
1. Sponsors of private gut
1) Believers/regular clients
2) Occasional clients
2. Sponsors of community gut
1) Spectators at the community gut praying for a good catch of fish
2) Community gut held on the site of blocks of new flats
3. Urban Koreans: the views of some Seoulites on sponsoring gut
4. Reasons for sponsoring gut and the social conditions
¥·. Reciprocity, Status and Gut
1. Reciprocity and Korean society
2. Reciprocity and gut
3. Exchange between the participants in gut
1) Exchange between the spirits and the sponsors
2) Exchange between the spirits and the mudang
3) Exchange between mudang and the sponsors
4. The status of the participants in gut
5. Reciprocity and status
6. Status and wealth
¥¸. Conclusion
References
Glossary
Appendix
A Brief History of Korean Shamanism
Index