[Korean study series 36]

한국불교의 역사를 사상적인 관점에서 정리한 저술. 한국불교는 중국의 불교를 수입하였으나 독자적인 토착화 과정을 거쳐 대승불교를 재해석했다. 그 사상적 특성은 선교(禪敎)융합의 기풍, 다양한 종파적 특성의 단순화, 산신숭배 등 민간신앙의 불교적 습합(習合)으로 요약할 수 있다. 신라불교는 삼국통일 이전까지는 토착화의 과정을 겪으며 통일 이후에는 국민과 왕실의 정신적 지주로서 그 사상성을 발휘한다. 고려불교는 지나친 형식주의, 의식주의의 면모를 보이지만, 대체로 호법․호국적 특성을 지니면서 유지․발전해 간다. 억불로 일관한 조선시대 불교는 운명론적 종교성을 강조하면서 그 명맥을 이어간다. 전체적으로 보면 화엄학과 남종선을 중시하는 경향이 강하고 민간신앙으로서는 관음신앙이 주류를 이룬다. 불교의 사회적 역할에 대한 관심증대, 불교적 수행의식의 재해석, 그리고 현대의 정신적 방황에 대한 불교적 대응 등이 보다 심도 있게 진행될 때 한국불교의 미래는 매우 희망적이라고 말할 수 있다.

It contains a viewpoint of thoughts on the history of Korean Buddhism. Korean Buddhism, had accepted Chinese Buddhism, made it become naturalized, and reinterpreted Mahayana Buddhism. Korean Buddhism has its characteristic of thoughts as follows: fusion of Seon and doctrine, simplification of features of various sects, and compromise between Buddhism and the folk belief such as the belief of mountain gods. Silla Buddhism goes through the process of naturalization before the Three Kingdoms are unified, and it shows its richness in ideas as the emotional prop of royal family and people in general. Goryeo Buddhism develops while keeping its defensive characteristic of both the country and the Buddhist teachings, though it shows aspects of formalism and ritualism excessively. Joseon Buddhism under Confucianists' suppressions barely keeps oneself in existence with stressing fatalistic feature of Buddhism. In a word, Korean Buddhism values much of Huayen Buddhism and Southern Zen of Chinese Buddhism, and the Avalokiteshvara Belief occupies an important position of its folk beliefs. I can say the future of Korean Buddhism is very hopeful in case of making good progress of such the practical buddhism as increasing interests in Buddhist social roles, reinterpreting Buddhist rituals, and coping with people's spiritual wanderings in present times.

Preface

I. The Dawn of Korean Buddhism
1. The History of Early Buddhism
2. Buddhism in Goguryeo
3. Buddhism in Baekje
4. Ichadon and King Beopheung

II. Development of Silla Buddhism
1. Buddhism during the Reign of King Jinheung
(1) The Assembly of Eight Prohibitions
(2) The One Hundred Masters Assembly
(3) Hwarang and Buddhism
2. Buddhism before Unification
(1) Jajang and Nine-story Pagoda in Hwangnyongsa Temple
(2) Woncheuk’s Idea of Consciousness-Only
(3) Silla Buddhist Idea of Buddha Land
3. Wonhyo’s Buddhism
(1) His Unhindered Life
(2) Practice of Mass Buddhism
(3) Manifestation of Mahayana Buddhism
4. Uisang’s Idea of Hwa-eom
(1) Founder of Korean Hwa-eom
(2) Buseoksa Temple
(3) Silla Hwa-eom Study’s Tradition

III. Buddhism of Unified Silla
1. King Munmu’s View of Buddhism
2. Ideologists of Buddhism after Unification
(1) Taehyeon
(2) Gyeongheung’s Amitabha Belief
(3) Jinpyo’s Prognostic Repentance Service
3. Prosperity of Buddhism Culture

IV. Buddhism at the End Period of Silla
1. Nine Mountains of Seon
(1) Sect of Mt. Gaji
(2) Sect of Mt. Silsang
(3) Sect of Mt. Huiyang
(4) Sect of Mt. Dongni
(5) Sect of Mt. Bongnim
(6) Sect of Mt. Seongju
(7) Sect of Mt. Sagul
(8) Sect of Mt. Saja
(9) Sect of Mt. Sumi
2. Establishment of Pure Land Buddhism

V. Buddhism in the Beginning Period of Goryeo
1. King Taejo and His Ten Rules
2. Various Buddhist Services
(1) Early Emperors’ Supporting Buddhism
(2) Buddhism of King Munjong’s Period
(3) National Master Daegak Uicheon’s Life and Thoughts

VI. Dispute against Mongol and Buddhism
1. Establishment of Military Government and Buddhism
2. Making Korean Tripitaka
(1) History of Tripitaka and Korean Tripitaka
(2) First Edition Korean Tripitaka
(3) Supplement to Korean Tripitaka
(4) Second Edition of Korean Tripitaka
3. Ideal Meaning of Making Korean Tripitaka
4. National Master Bojo Jinul’s Thought
(1) Meditation and Wisdom Community
(2) His Idea of Enlightenment
(3) Jogye Order and Jinul

VII. Buddhism in the Late Period of Goryeo
1. Atmosphere of Expelling Buddhism
2. Seon Tradition at the End of Goryeo
(1) Iryeon
(2) Taego Bo-u
(3) Na-ong Hyegeun
(4) Baegun Gyeonghan

VIII. Buddhism in the Early of Joseon Dynasty
1. Establishment of a Country and a Policy of Oppressing Buddhism
2. Buddhism in the Period of King Sejong
3. King Sejo’s Belief in Buddhism
(1) King Sejo’s View of Buddhism
(2) Superintendency for Sutra Publication and Publication of Buddhist Text
4. Hamheo Deuktong’s Life and Ideology
(1) Life
(2) Ideology
5. Monk Seoljam, Kim Siseup
(1) Life
(2) Characteristic of His Seon
(3) Praise for Lotus Sutra

IX. Buddhism in the Middle Period of Joseon
1. Policy of Buddhism
2. Ji-eom’s Twofold Training of Seon and Doctrine
(1) Seon Tradition in Korea
(2) Single Taste Seon
3. Bo-u’s Ideology
(1) The Standard-bearer of Buddhism’s Restoration
(2) Theory of Righteous One

X. Japanese Invasion of Korea and Buddhism
1. The Activity of the Monks Army
2. Cheongheo Hyujeong’s Life and Ideology
(1) General of Monks Army Who Saves the Country
(2) Ideology of Seon
3. Song-un Yujeong
4. Buhyu Seonsu

XI. Declining Buddhism
1. The Policy of Oppressing Buddhism Deepens
2. Changes in Buddhist Society
(1) Sects of Buddhism
(2) Monks’ Class and Their Profession

XII. Ideological Contribution by Byeogam’s Sect
1. Sucho and His Disciples
2. Baekgok’s Ideology and Writings

XIII. Seon Ideology of Pyeonyang Sect
1. Do-an’s Learning and Virtue
2. Ji-an’s Sect
3. Yeondam’s Learning World
4. Inak and Yeondam’s Theory of the Unification of Two Religions

XIV. Baekpa’s Seon Theory and Cho-ui’s Two Kinds of Seon
1. Sudden Enlightenment of Own Nature
2. Two Kinds and Three Kinds of Seon
3. Cho-ui’s Refutation with Four Explanations

XV. Present Day Korean Buddhism
1. The Total Number of Believers and the Present Condition of Temples
2. Buddhist Devotee Movement

Index